Word: pius
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With his own right hand, his own pen. Pope Pius XI traced the 20,000 words of Quadragesima Anno, his encyclical on Capital & Labor, issued last week in Vatican City. Fortnight ago a vague 2,000-word official summary was released (TIME, May 25). The actual words of His Holiness last week were fresh and vibrant, precise and bold. Most remarkable were those passages in which the Supreme Pontiff pronounced squarely upon three basic elements in the life of almost every human being: the corporation, the factory, the machine...
Corporations. Upon corporations great & small Pius XI made this infallible* pronouncement: "The regulations legally enacted for corporations, with their divided responsibility and limited liability, have given occasion to abominable abuses. The greatly weakened accountability makes little impression, as is evident, upon the conscience. The worst injustices and frauds take place beneath the obscurity of the common name of a corporative firm. Boards of directors proceed in their unconscionable methods even to the violation of their trust in regard to those whose savings they administer...
...revolutionized industrial world and saw that all was not going to be peaceful. To 81-year-old Gioacchino Vincenzo Pecci, His Holiness Pope Leo XIII, who had been Civil Governor of Benevento and Governor of Perugia and far more a man-of-the-world than his dogmatist predecessor Pius IX, it seemed a good moment for Mother Church to say her say about social and industrial reform.' So he composed and issued a great encyclical entitled Rerum Novarum ("Concerning New Things"). Firmly rejecting the new Socialism and its "community of goods" as "directly contrary to the natural rights...
...industrial and financial worlds again seething with a great unrest. In Russia the overturn had come, violently, and Mother Church had suffered there with Capitalism. Throughout the world, even Capitalists were saying, "Capitalism is not perfect. It must mend itself and mankind." Achille Ambrogio Damiano Ratti, His Holiness Pope Pius XI, perceived that the appropriate moment again had come for Mother Church to announce her attitude towards the social scheme...
...Vatican printshop last fortnight went a long document entitled Quadragesima Anno ("In the 40th Year"). To the world Press and to a throng of the faithful assembled last week at the Vatican for the occasion was handed another long document, an official resume of Quadragesima Anno, Pius XI's encyclical on the social and industrial world of today, amplifying and interpreting Leo XIII's. Finally, a throne and microphone of gold and silver were set up in the Courtyard of St. Damascus and the Pope came forth in person to address the workers and employers of the world...