Word: pacifistically
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...stand on many issues that West German conservatives find him distinctly alarming. A founding member of the Christian Democratic Party who became Interior Minister in Konrad Adenauer's first Cabinet, Heinemann quit the post in 1950 over der Alte's plan to rearm West Germany. Though no pacifist, Heinemann, who is a prominent Evangelical layman, felt that rearmament would nullify the salutary lesson of two lost wars. As he put it, West Germany was like a recently cured alcoholic to whom one offered a bottle of booze and said: "Drink up." Heinemann also suspected that Catholic Adenauer...
...protest against the war in Viet Nam. Among the five junior-and senior-high teen-agers who had been temporarily suspended from their schools for making that quiet demonstration in December 1965 were Mary Beth Tinker and John Tinker, children of a Methodist minister who works for the pacifist American Friends Service Committee. Writing for the majority, Justice Abe Fortas declared that the issue was not a frivolous one, such as a boy's hair style or the length of a girl's skirt. By preventing the children from expressing a political opinion, he said, the school officials...
...pacifist stand prompted him to seek nonviolent means of direct political action for the Negro's civil rights. He began to read Gandhi. Distressed by the lack of progress in integration, he and his friends decided to form a nonviolent organization that would preach civil disobedience. That was the beginning of CORE and also the beginning of the sit-ins. "The Movement really began in the early 'forties. Up until that time, all blacks participated in segregation at least passively. It was important that we should not lend ourselves to the evil we condemned...
...everyone in CORE shared Farmer's pacifist views. "Nonviolence was chosen for several reasons. Primarily we were impressed by the fact that the black community had no guns. So we saw ourselves as organizing 'war without violence' -- that's Gandhi's phrase." The first sit-ins took place in Chicago, not a friendly town for demonstrators. "In the early 'forties, public accommodations was not just a Mississippi or Alabama problem--it was a national problem. In Chicago we had to force our way into restaurants. The owners might call in hoods to take care of us, or the police would...
...social work at Manhattan's Spring Street Presbyterian Church and Settlement House, traveled around the world, took a divinity degree at Union Theological Seminary, and then became pastor of an East Harlem church. His work in city slums led him to socialism, and he became a pacifist during World War I, thus alienating many of his patriotic friends and earning enduring hostility from others. He entered politics in 1924 as the Socialist and Progressive candidate for Governor of New York. After the death of Eugene V. Debs in 1926, he became leader of the U.S. Socialist Party...