Word: orthodox
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...darkness fell over Jerusalem's Old City last Wednesday, Orthodox Jews recited evening prayers at the Western Wall, the remains of King Herod's great temple and the symbol of the fall of Israel two millenniums ago. Armed border police stood guard against terrorists while 1,500 leaders of the Diaspora, more than half of them Americans, assembled for a "Conference on Jewish Solidarity with Israel." Mordechai Gur, commander of the troops that wrested the Old City from Jordan in 1967, read a closing proclamation: "We support the democratically elected government of national unity in its efforts to achieve peace...
...strongest consensus in the poll was opposition by 86% to a change in Israeli law "so as to recognize only those conversions performed by Orthodox rabbis." When last fall's election gave neither Likud nor Labor a clear majority, each considered forming a coalition with ultra-Orthodox religious parties. The price would have been high: giving the fanatic religious groups exclusive power over the religious conversion of immigrants to Israel. By implication, the legitimacy of Conservative and Reform Jews would have been undermined. Outraged protests from abroad helped torpedo that idea and forced creation of another inaptly named "unity" government...
...beneath the veneer of rosy statistics, evidence is mounting that East Germany's orthodox course ultimately leads to a dead end. A Prussian work ethic and meticulous implementation of carefully honed five-year plans are no longer quite enough. Even that well-oiled machine is wearing down under the same contradictions of Communism that have driven other East bloc economies onto the rocks. Pointing to the increasing scarcity of consumer goods, ten- year waiting lists for East German-made Trabant automobiles and deepening competition in foreign markets from third world producers, a Western diplomat in Berlin says, "They are treading...
...ringed its conventions with police, ignored the clamor to halt the war, and failed to heed the smoke rising from the ghettoes. In France, anger was directed first at a sclerotic university system, then at the Fifth Republic, which condoned it, then at the Republic's architect, De Gaulle. Orthodox Communist parties were spurned in favor of Che Guevara and Ho Chi Minh. In Warsaw and Prague, students marched against Stalinism...
...restaurant lost so much money that the owners decided in November to open on weekend nights even though it meant losing customers from the Orthodox Jewish community...