Word: niger
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...contract goes through, the HIID will send advisory teams to three different areas in Mali, the western frontier, the south-central region, and the area by the bend in the Niger River. Team Training...
Should geopressure prove to be a viable resource, the implications would be global. Similar zones are believed to exist in at least 45 countries, including those in Western Europe and in the deltas of the Nile, Ganges and Niger rivers. Wells drilled into geopressured zones could supply fresh water as well as energy. At atmospheric pressure the hot water flashes into steam and concentrated brine. The steam can be condensed into pure drinking water, which in desert regions is almost as precious...
Later explorers were not so easily deterred. Mungo Park, the intrepid Scotsman who navigated the Niger, explored much of the area early in the 19th century without realizing that the Niger and Congo rivers were not one and the same...
Your correspondents missed one vital point concerning the political aspects of desertification. The peregrinations of the Tuareg in Niger, Mali and Upper Volta and the nomadic Masai in Kenya and Tanzania frighten their respective governments, who would prefer to see them sedentary and hence politically under control. So to keep them in place, we have the permanent pumping stations in the Sahel and the "ranches" of East Africa, destroying irreplaceable elements of the human mosaic and creating new deserts, all in the name of "progress...
...energy crisis" in the developing nations, where firewood is often the only available fuel. In India and in Africa south of the Sahara, firewood is in such short supply that villagers may travel up to 50 kilometers (more than 30 miles) to gather it and bring it home; in Niger, wood is so expensive that a laborer must spend nearly a quarter of his income on fuel. Elsewhere, the search for firewood is helping to create new deserts. Almost all the trees within 70 kilometers (44 miles) of Ouagadougou in Upper Volta have already been consumed as fuel...