Word: movements
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...events that led to the takeover of the embassy in Tehran-and what the U.S. might have done, if anything, to prevent it. Some experts on Iran in the academic world believe the first mistake of the Carter Administration was failing to understand the basic nature of the movement that swept the Ayatullah Khomeini into power. Following the policies of preceding administrations, Carter originally supported the Shah, seeing him as a stabilizing ally in the Persian Gulf region, and not realizing how widely he was hated by his subjects. Carter first thought the Shah could suppress the mounting demonstrations, then...
Since March, between 30 and 40 dissidents have been arrested in a rather clumsy campaign by Chinese security officials to crack down on a small but vocal free speech movement that was encouraged inadvertently by Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping. A year ago, Deng declared: "If the masses feel some anger, we must let them express it." Since then, to the dismay of China's leadership, dissidents have pasted up posters on democracy wall bluntly attacking the authoritarianism of the regime. New underground magazines have sprung up; they contain detailed reports on the horrendous conditions in Chinese prisons as well...
Within days of the editor's imprisonment, a new edition of Forum appeared that criticized the "rude arrests" at democracy wall. The magazine's re-emergence testified to the gritty capacity for survival of the human rights movement. Nonetheless, further arrests may be in the offing. Last week a leading Communist Party newspaper, the Shanghai Liberation Daily, warned: "A very small group of counterrevolutionaries has been poisoning people's minds. Those that should be arrested must be arrested. Those that should be sentenced must be sentenced. Those that should be killed must be killed. We cannot...
...other critics have lately come forward to demand new scrutiny of tests for bias and for the use of ambiguous questions. Probably more important, the critics also seek general reform in society's use of standardized multiple-choice tests to measure intelligence and academic and professional achievement. The movement includes public interest advocates in Savannah, Ga., publishers of the Measuring Cup, a newsletter devoted solely to testing reform; the National P.T.A.; the United States Student Association; Consumer Advocate Ralph Nader; the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; and the National Education Association, a union of some...
...Conference Organizer John Weiss, 24, an activist who a year ago hit on testing as an issue in search of a movement, truth in testing is only the first step. Weiss says he hopes tests will be seen in a more balanced perspective and that alternatives will be developed to replace multiple-choice tests if the current rebellion "takes the halo off the whole operation." To Ralph Nader, the main ill to be cured is "the destruction of the self-confidence of millions of students who incorporate into their own psyches the standards of evaluation set by the Educational Testing...