Word: movement
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Four years ago, after Portugal withdrew from its former colony, Neto's Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (M.P.L.A.) and 25,000 Cubans apparently had defeated UNITA and another liberation movement, the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (F.N.L.A.). But Savimbi fought on. Since January, his guerrillas claim to have killed 350 government soldiers or Cubans, while suffering only 150 fatalities. Savimbi has recruited heavily among his fellow Ovimbundu (40% of the country's population) and other southern Angolan tribes, which have deep-rooted hostility toward Neto, a mixed-race assimilado, and the Cubans...
...buildings as on their modernization and re-use without distortion of their original character. While this trend was long resisted by architects who feel that their role is to leave their own creative imprint on the cityscape, many of the nation's top architectural firms have joined the movement to preserve and refit. Three years ago, for the first time, the venerable American Institute of Architects gave official recognition to their work by allotting four of its coveted annual Honor Awards to renovation projects, several of them quite modest. This week at its convention in Kansas City, no fewer...
...originally scheduled for a 22-city tour but is now booked into 67 cities, with 48 more on the waiting list. "Buildings Reborn" was organized by New Yorker Barbaralee Diamonstein, author of a handsome book by the same name (Harper & Row; $10) and herself a pioneer in the movement. Says Diamonstein, a former White House aide and a charter member of the New York Landmarks Conservancy: "Adaptive re-use [of old buildings] is moving from erratic initiative, a loft here, a firehouse there, to become a superb planning tool. It's no longer just a question of restoring...
...main impetus has come from the environmentalist movement. Conservationists recognized that the preservation of man-made environments and the reuse of finite resources should be as much a matter of concern as the natural ecology. Energy shortages and the faltering economy gave the movement immediacy. Old buildings, one critic has noted, are "a kind of stored-up energy," and they are in place, whereas the steel, glass and aluminum devoured by skyscrapers and shopping centers require huge quantities of energy to produce and assemble. (According to one federal study, an existing building can operate for 16 years on the amount...
...York City is in the forefront of the recycling movement today, after a late start, prior to which it permitted developers to demolish such treasures as the old Metropolitan Opera House, Pennsylvania Station and the Ritz-Carlton Hotel. The city has now extended historic landmark status to more than 500 individual structures and 37 historic districts encompassing 12,000 buildings...