Word: manchuria
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...especially patient attention to the training of China's new army, lecturing his Whampoa Academy graduates like a Chinese father. There were good reasons. The Communists were still a constant threat to Nationalist China-and Japanese intentions were perfectly plain to Chiang. But in 1931, when Japan occupied Manchuria, Chiang was cautious. He was still building his Whampoa-trained army. Said he: "We exhort the entire nation to maintain a dignified calm...
...apparent detachment in the face of Japan's threat. In December 1936, the Nationalist garrison at Sian, facing Communist guerrilla forces, laid down their arms and refused to fight "fellow Chinese" any longer. Like their commander, Marshal Chang Hsueh-liang ("The Young Marshal"), most of them were from Manchuria, and they wanted to fight the Japanese, if anybody. Chiang flew immediately to Sian to investigate...
...crush Japan and restore all Chinese territory lost in half a century of struggle with the Japanese. Formally, China became one of the "Big Five." When the war ended, China drew a long breath and turned to reconstruction. The spearhead of Chiang's planned reconstruction of China was Manchuria, with its coal and iron and factories. At the last moment, it was snatched from China's hand...
Part of the price the U.S. had paid Joseph Stalin at Yalta was a promise that the U.S. would support Russia's bid for a "special position" in Manchuria: control of the South Manchurian Railroad, Dairen and Port Arthur. Told about this deal months later, Chiang Kai-shek reluctantly accepted. Further, when the Russians marched into Manchuria, three days after the atom bomb on Hiroshima, they disarmed the Japanese, then handed the arms to the Chinese Communists. Chiang was not surprised. Even when both he and the Reds were arrayed against the Japanese, Chiang used to say: "The Japanese...
...Arms in Manchuria. The Chinese Reds had fought a thoughtful war against Japan. They avoided direct battle, conserved their strength to use against Chiang. When the Russians opened the door of Manchuria to them after V-J day, they had a renewable arsenal...