Word: malariae
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Overuse is just part of the problem, however. The evolution of resistance really goes into fast-forward when patients with serious diseases like malaria and TB do not follow doctor's orders, often because they are poor and cannot afford a full course of medication. Instead, they take just enough medication to alleviate their symptoms but not enough to rid their system of the original infection. This has the effect of eliminating the drug-sensitive microbes from the lineup and encouraging the drug-resistant ones to grow...
...resistant enterococci and staphylococci, which have ballooned into a huge problem for nursing homes and hospitals. But while that is the most attractive commercial market, a number of American pharmaceutical companies are also participating in private-public partnerships aimed at resolving the global health crisis created by drug-resistant malaria and TB. At present, neither disease is a tremendous problem in the U.S. or Western Europe, but that happy situation may not last forever, especially where TB is concerned. In 1992, at the height of a mini-epidemic in New York City, 3,800 new cases of TB erupted; hardest...
...process of discovering antimicrobials should speed up, thanks to the rapid sequencing of the genomes of disease-causing organisms. Among the latest conquests are the bacteria responsible for causing syphilis and leprosy. The genome of the parasite that causes malaria is also beginning to yield its secrets, including the exact genetic mutations that confer chloroquine resistance. Scientists are beginning to exploit what they know about the parasite's life cycle after it invades the red blood cells of the human body. Daniel Goldberg, a malaria researcher at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Chevy Chase, Md., is trying to figure...
...microbes that cause such diseases as TB and malaria will never stop evolving, warns Columbia University epidemiologist Dr. Stephen Morse, and they will develop resistance to the next generation of miracle drugs just as they did in the past. How fast they do so is in large part up to us. With antibiotics, too little is not a good thing, observes Morse, and neither is too much. Unless we devise a formula that is just right, he predicts, we will forever be frantically racing to catch up with our nimbler microbial foes...
...psychoanalyst's couch? Perhaps, but in his day, doctors could offer little more for patients suffering from anxiety or depression. And when faced with intractable mental illnesses like schizophrenia, they had to resort to brute force: inducing seizures and comas with chemicals and electric shocks, infecting patients with malaria to provoke brain-clearing fever, or slicing away parts of the brain's prefrontal cortex. In general, desperation guided treatment of the deranged...