Word: maintaining
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Taiwan, despite its tenuous political status and the growing number of countries which recognized mainland China and re-recognized Taiwan, continues bravely to maintain its independence and to develop economically at a pace close to that of Korea. Not far beyond economically were the small industrial city-states of Hong Kong and Singapore, which also witnessed remarkable attainment...
...Central Asia, bordering on Iran, that were subjugated by czarist armies only a little more than a century ago?Samarkand, for example, fell in 1868. The Soviets have soft-pedaled antireligious propaganda and allowed the Muslims to maintain mosques and theological schools. Consequently, the Azerbaijanis, Turkmen and other Muslim minorities in the U.S.S.R. could eventually become targets for Khomeini's advocacy of an Islamic rebellion against all foreign domination of Muslims...
...leftist takeover is the most worrisome prospect to Washington policymakers. The Mujahedin (Islamic socialist) and Fedayan (Marxist) movements maintain guerrilla forces armed with weapons seized from the Shah's garrisons during the revolution. Both groups disclaim any ties with the U.S.S.R., and some Iranian exiles believe a dialogue between them and moderate forces would be possible. However, they are very antiWestern. A third contender is the Tudeh (Communist) Party, which has a reputation for loyally following Moscow's line. It is currently voicing all-out support of Khomeini because, its leaders disingenuously explain, any foe of America's imperialism...
Khomeini is not opposed to Western technology. Indeed, he has used it shrewdly?first in distributing cassette tapes of his anti-Shah sermons throughout Iran before the revolution, more recently by exploiting television to maintain his popularity with the people. He has read deeply in early Greek philosophy and can discuss Aristotle with animated admiration; Iran's new constitution is an Islamic version of Plato's Republic, with Khomeini as philosopher-king. His peers, however, generally believe that on matters of Islamic scholarship he is less profound than some of his fellow ayatullahs?notably Seyed Kazem Sharietmadari. Numerous Western scholars...
Surprisingly, the cataclysmic events of the past year have not drastically affected a second world that includes millions of Iranians, both city dwellers and peasants, who are struggling to maintain a semblance of normality in their lives. Tehran's traffic, which may be the worst in the world, is as bad as ever, and so is the smog. Most people still go to work and shop at corner groceries or reasonably well-stocked supermarkets. Their children still go to school, although classroom discipline is poor after a year of revolution. In the suburbs of North Tehran, people still line...