Word: landmarks
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...landmark Gideon decision of 1963, the Supreme Court proclaimed that any indigent person accused of a felony has a right to free counsel. Two years later, the court had a chance to extend this right to people accused of misdemeanors, but for unspecified reasons it chose to pass up the case. If the Warren Court feared to tread such ground, could the more cautious Burger Court be expected to rush in? Last week it did just that-unanimously. From now on, said Justice Douglas, "no person may be imprisoned for any offense unless he was represented by counsel...
...emotional impasse over new restrictions against busing children to integrate schools was broken by the House of Representatives last week when it passed a compromise that satisfied almost no one. It survived mainly because it had been attached, incongruously, to a landmark bill providing discretionary federal aid for the first time to colleges and universities. Inevitably, the intense politics of the busing controversy overshadowed the more significant educational provisions...
Neither of the two landmark civil rights laws made discrimination against women academics illegal. The 1963 Equal Pay Act did require that women receive equal pay for equivalent jobs. But the act specifically excluded administrative, executive and professional workers. This clause was a concession to the southerners so they could fire black teachers, but it also incidentally exempted college and university faculty and professional staffs. Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act forbids discrimination in institutions receiving Federal money on the basis of race, national origin or color, but it does not forbid sex discrimination...
...return from China. Barely a day passed before it appeared that the Administration had foreclosed one of the three possibilities. Vice President Spiro Agnew voiced his personal opposition to a constitutional amendment. HEW Secretary Elliot Richardson followed up the Agnew argument, noting that any amendment might well nullify landmark civil rights decisions. The word spread on Capitol Hill that John Mitchell, too, opposed an antibusing amendment. Senate Leaders Hush Scott and Mike Mansfield registered disapproval. Congressional conservatives and liberals alike were in agreement with Yale Law Professor Alexander Bickel's view: "There is no way to fine-tune...
School busing, an issue that has been smoldering in Richmond for two years, last month flared up when U.S. District Judge Robert R. Merhige handed down a landmark decision (TIME, Jan. 24). To end Richmond's unequal and racially imbalanced educational structure, Merhige ordered that the increasingly black (now 69%) city school system be consolidated with the two predominantly white (91%) districts in suburban Henrico and Chesterfield counties. The order, which has been temporarily stayed pending an appeal, has important implications for other U.S. cities where the pattern of a "white noose" of suburbia surrounding a black-dominated central...