Word: khartoum
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...dimension to the conflict, but Sudan's mixed mosaic of ethnicities and tribes make a nonsense of a clear-cut partition. Rather, the war in Darfur is symptomatic of a fundamental division that has plagued Sudan since independence: center versus periphery. For more than half a century, a dominant Khartoum élite has marginalized and repressed all others - Kordofanis and Darfuris, Christians and followers of traditional beliefs, the uneducated and poor, western, eastern and southern Sudanese alike. The CPA's authors understood that the way to a united, peaceful Sudan was to remake it as a place where all Sudanese...
...separation. That was partly because the south's leader, John Garang, was a committed unionist. But six months after negotiating the deal, Garang died in a helicopter crash - and his vision for autonomy within Sudan died with him. With the West preoccupied with a high-volume campaign over Darfur, Khartoum was able to drag its feet on the implementation of a deal with the south that offered it only loss of territory and oil. That bad faith reinforced enthusiasm for separation in the south. "People felt they would remain second-class citizens inside Sudan forever," says Ann Itto, deputy general...
...even end up with Cabinet seats. In the south, the approaching referendum also seems to have convinced Bashir to accept the possibility that twice provoked the north to war. "If the result of the referendum is separation," he said in a speech in the south in January, "the Khartoum government will be the first to recognize this decision. We will support the newborn government in the south...
...give the south an effective veto on any proposed changes to the CPA. And at least one potential flash point - the south's oil - might be defused. The south's Minister for Presidential Affairs, Luka Biong Deng, told TIME in February his government would continue splitting oil revenue with Khartoum after independence. Given half a century of hostility and intransigence between the two sides, Gration calls such cooperation "phenomenal." (Read: "Sudan Votes May Spark Progress, Peace for Darfur...
...that shattered the south. Denying it independence, especially at this late stage, would mean more fighting. Announcing his new Sudan strategy, Obama said: "It will not be easy and there are no simple answers to the extraordinary challenges that confront this part of the world." War used to be Khartoum's answer to many of Sudan's challenges. That things are becoming more complicated is a reason for hope...