Word: josephson
(lookup in dictionary)
(lookup stats)
Dates: all
Sort By: most recent first
(reverse)
Marriage begins airily enough. Wedded for ten years, Johan (Erland Josephson) and Marianne (Liv Ullmann) have been selected by some national publication as a kind of "ideal couple" for a feature story on successful marriages. The superficially earnest lady interviewer asks the usual questions, some of them posed as answers. Johan is 42 and a behavioral scientist. Marianne is 32 and a divorce lawyer. They have a lovely home, two lovely daughters, lovely meshing temperaments. Fill in all the blanks with lovely...
...prize is to be divided between Japanese-born Leo Esaki, 48, of IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center in New York and Norwegian-born Ivar Giaever, 44, of G.E.'s Research and Development Center in Schenectady, N.Y. The other half goes to Welsh-born Brian D. Josephson, 33, of Cambridge University. In a series of brilliant experiments and calculations, the three scientists explored different aspects of a phenomenon that has become increasingly significant in modern electronics: electron "tunneling," the passage of electrons through insulating material that, according to classical physics, they should not be able to penetrate...
...Elements. The next step was taken by Giaever in 1960. A former mechanical engineer who was working on a doctorate in physics, he showed that tunneling can also take place in superconductors, materials that lose all resistance to electrical currents when chilled close to absolute zero. In 1962 Josephson, then a 22-year-old graduate student at Cambridge, applied the mathematics of modern quantum physics to predict two significant effects that now bear his name: 1) that electrons can tunnel back and forth through an insulator separating adjacent superconductors even when there is no voltage present-an idea totally...
...switch is based on a phenomenon first predicted in 1962 by a British scientist named Brian Josephson, who was only 22 at the time. While studying superconductivity,* the Cambridge graduate student determined mathematically that pairs of electrons would "tunnel" through material that is normally an electrical insulator if it is thin enough and sandwiched between two superconductors. If the flow of electrons through the insulator were kept below a certain critical value, he found, there would be no difference in voltage from one side of the insulator to the other. (At normal temperatures, an electric current never flows unless there...
Later verified by experiment, the so-called Josephson effect has been widely used to construct extremely sensitive laboratory measuring devices, including a magnetometer that can detect fluctuations in a magnetic field only one five-billionth as strong as the earth's. But IBM scientists found a more practical use. They knew that they could produce a voltage drop across a Josephson junction by applying a weak magnetic field; generating that field would require only a fraction of the energy required to switch a transistor. Furthermore, the presence or absence of that voltage across a Josephson junction could be used...