Word: johanson
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...month ago, Philadelphia City Councilman Louis Johanson said that he would not vote for Carter under any circumstances. But he did-after his fallen favorite, Scoop Jackson, asked him to. By then the still-cynical Johanson had heard Brown address the delegation and cracked that "the difference between a babbling Baptist and a jumping Jesuit isn't that much." One reluctant Manhattan delegate, Harold Jacob, criticized Carter for not making clear where he stands on Israel and other issues (like emigration from the Soviet Union) of concern to Jews, but he softened after the nomination of Fritz Mondale...
...savannas-walking upright, perhaps hunting and using tools-as long as 4 million years ago. In 1972, following in his parents' footsteps, Richard Leakey discovered a nearly complete manlike skull at nearby Lake Rudolf in Kenya that is at least 2.6 million years old. More recently, Carl Johanson of Cleveland's Case Western Reserve University, digging in Ethiopia's bleak Awash Valley, discovered a manlike jawbone that seems to be well over 3 million years old (TIME, Dec. 2, 1974). If all these creatures are in fact close kin, they would, in Mary Leakey's words...
Beetle-Browed Brute. Johanson's conclusion is bound to cause controversy in the scientific community. Most anthropologists have been convinced that the first member of the genus Homo, or true man (as opposed to the hominids, or man-apes), was a beetle-browed, stoop-shouldered brute called Homo erectus, who appeared in Africa about a million or so years ago. But two years ago, Richard Leakey, following in the footsteps of his famed anthropologist father, the late Louis B. Leakey, undermined that theory. Digging near Kenya's Lake Rudolf, he uncovered fragments that were assembled into a nearly...
...Johanson's fossil, which he thinks may be 4 million years old. could push the history of man even further back. His evidence that the jawbone belonged to Homo rather than a hominid is probably based on subtle differences: slight nuances of size and shape in the fossil teeth. But Johanson is convinced that these teeth belonged to a full-fledged Homo, who probably used them to eat meat, which he obtained by "using tools, possibly bones, to kill animals." Furthermore, since there is recent geological evidence that Ethiopia's Awash Valley may once have been part...
Leakey rejects that notion, but he does side with Johanson on another conclusion. It has long been thought that man's direct ancestor prior to Homo erectus was a small, possibly toolmaking man-ape called Australopithecus, who lived in Africa as recently as 1.5 million years ago. If Johanson's jawbone belonged to a true Homo, the australopiths may well have had overwhelming competition from even smarter creatures who evolved into modern...