Word: iraqization
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...fierce conflict is now being fought in the mountains of Northern Iraq. Tribesmen equipped with rifles and horses have achieved a series of military successes against a mechanized army supported by heavy artillery and jet fighters. The Kurdish revolt, led by the resourceful Mullah Mustafa al-Barzani, culminates a long series of attempt by the Kurds to form an autonomous Kurdish state encompassing parts of Iraq, Iran and Turkey. The present uprising, described in a recent group of articles in the New York Times by Dana Adams Schmidt, has two specific objectives: the creation of a Kurdish nation in Northern...
Mullah Mustafa al-Barzani has been a leader in the Kurdish struggle for independence for many years From 1932 to 1943 he and two brothers were exiled from Iraq because of revolutionary activities. After his 1943 rebellion against the Iraq government failed Barzani and comrades set up the Mehabad Republic in Iraq in 1946. When this was crushed a year later, Mullah Mustafa and 496 men fought their way back through Iraq to refuge in the Soviet Union. They remained in the U.S.S.R. until after the 1958 Revolution which overthrew King Faisal and brought Kassim to power...
Relations between Mustafa and Kassim gradually worsened after the former's return to Iraq and in August, 1961, Mustafa led his followers into open revolt against the Baghdad government. During the fall and winter of that year he consolidated his position among the various Kurdish tribes, defeated tribal groups armed by Kassim, such as the Lolans and Harchis, and attacked government outposts in Western Iraq. Barzani's success led him to shift his guerrillas to the Eastern Front where he has consistently defeated Kassim's troops. The Kurds, whose total forces number between 12,000 and 15,000 men, have...
Thus, although judging by its present debacle the Iraqi army will probably lose most of Northern Iraq to the Kurds, the tribesmen will have great difficulty advancing south of the mountains. An eventual compromise solution between the Kurds and the central government is likely, although neither can at present agree on satisfactory terms...
Fortnight ago, Iraqi air force planes bombed and strafed a Turkish village along the border between the two countries. Next day Turkish jets, catching two more Iraqi raiders inside Turkey, attacked and crippled one of Kassem's planes, which limped back across the frontier and crashed in Iraq. Angry diplomatic notes were exchanged between Ankara and Baghdad; in a fiery broadcast, Baghdad charged that Turkey not only was helping the Kurds but also had violated Iraqi air space with its jets...