Word: interpretive
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...silence. The precise rules could be difficult to establish, and no law will entirely insulate students from religious pressure. But by ruling on a major school-prayer case, the Justices might be able to head off the more drastic alternative: an amendment limiting the court's authority to interpret the Constitution. "With all the heat for a constitutional amendment, the court may say, 'Let's ease up and allow a moment of meditation,'" says Jesuit Father Robert Drinan, professor of law at Georgetown University and a former Democratic Congressman...
...executions, but they have nonetheless systematically eliminated every group that does not conform to their beliefs. Last May they forced the Tudeh Communist Party to denounce itself publicly and disband. In August they suspended the Hojjatieh Society, an esoteric Shi'ite Muslim splinter group that refuses to interpret the Koran in the fashion approved by the mullahs. During the past five years the regime has also incited mobs to desecrate the shrines of the Baha'i faith, drive thousands of adherents out of their homes and kill at least 150Baha...
...betrayed few qualms about having his former right-hand man and Foreign Minister, Sadegh Ghotbzadeh, executed; last July, when his fiercest hanging judge, Ayatullah Mohammed Gilani, asked permission to spare 340 penitent political prisoners, the Ayatullah overruled him and sent them instantly to their deaths. The government continues to interpret "counterrevolution" broadly enough to cover a multitude of so-called sins. Homosexuals, drug dealers and unfaithful wives are all targets for the firing squads. A woman who neglects to wear her head scarf may find herself thrown into a "reeducation center." According to the much feared governor...
...Aubuisson's solution to his nation's difficulties is straightforward: a military victory over the guerrillas. He has drawn cheers at rallies by promising on occasion that, if elected, he will deport all "leftists," a term that some rightists interpret as incorporating anyone who favors dialogue with the insurgents. D'Aubuisson talks of providing new investment incentives for business in the war-battered Salvadoran economy, and wins approval from thousands of small businessmen and farmers who have suffered grievously from the guerrilla strategy of attacking the country's economic infrastructure...
...Constitution guarantees free expression to all, and the University's control of a podium does not give it license to regulate behavior of an audience. Only the courts can interpret the law, and only legislatures can write it. The University should never define official limits for a speaker's or an audience's actions...