Word: infra
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...every McDonald's outlet, winking lights on the grills tell the counterman exactly when to flip over the hamburgers. Once done, the burgers can be held under infra-red warming lights for up to ten minutes, no more; after that, any burgers that have not been ordered must be thrown away. Cybernetic deep fryers continuously adjust to the moisture in every potato stick to make sure that French fries come out with a uniform degree of brownness; specially designed scoops make it almost physically impossible for a counterman to stuff more or fewer French fries into a paper...
...owners of a movie theater in Glendora, Calif. In 1940 they opened a hamburger drive-in near Pasadena, and in 1948 converted it to a self-service restaurant with some of the features of a modern McDonald's. "We were the first in the business to use infra-red heat lamps to keep the French fries warm," claims Richard McDonald, now retired in Bedford, N.H. (Maurice died in 1971). The McDonalds franchised six more outlets, on which they began putting golden arches in 1952. Two years later, the chain had grown enough to buy eight Multimixers for a single...
...often has to forgo even the satisfaction of complaining; any talking may irritate his throat and delay his recovery. Now doctors at Boston University Medical Center are finding a way around both problems. They have found that a carbon-dioxide laser, which produces a high-intensity beam of invisible infra-red light, can quickly remove many polyps, cysts and cancers from vocal cords. Moreover, the laser operations, which are more precise and efficient than conventional surgery or freezing with cryoprobes, have proved remarkably free of discomfort for the patient...
...vocal cords, the surgeons aim the laser through the passage by means of a binocular microscope and a tiny beam of normal white light. After zeroing in on the target growth, the surgeon then steps on a foot pedal that opens a shutter on the laser and allows the infra-red laser beam to strike the diseased tissue for as little as one-tenth or as much as one-half of a second. In several "shots," the powerful laser beam literally vaporizes the tissue on which it is focused, at the same time cauterizing nearby blood vessels so that there...
That possibility was suggested in a recent study of Titan, the largest of Saturn's ten moons, by a team of Cornell University scientists under Astronomer-Exobiologist Carl Sagan. From infra-red and other telescopic measurements of the satellite, a body as large as the planet Mercury, Sagan and his colleagues conclude that Titan is relatively much warmer (about-100° F.) than previously estimated. It also has a thicker atmosphere than had been suspected and is leaking small quantities of hydrogen gas into space. Pondering these surprising conditions on Titan, the Cornell group has evolved a picture...