Word: hitherto
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...almost as old as history. During the Middle Ages, suspected heretics were racked, scourged and burned by representatives of the Inquisition in order to make them recant, while in this century Hitler's concentration camps and Stalin's Gulag Archipelago institutionalized torture and brutality on a scale hitherto unknown. The 1948 United Nations' Declaration of Human Rights condemning torture was one notable reaction of the world community to the excesses of the Third Reich. But torture did not stop. The French used it systematically during the eight-year Algerian War. The British relied on torture to gain...
...should we pull down the old one, and expose ourselves to all the inclemencies of the season?" But on May 15, at the suggestion of John Adams, the Congress recommended that the colonies form new governments "where no government sufficient to the exigencies of their affairs has been hitherto established." John Adams wrote at the end of the month: "The Middle Colonies have never tasted the bitter cup; they have never smarted, and are therefore a little cooler ... The proprietary governments are not only encumbered with a large body of Quakers, but are embarrassed by a proprietary interest; both together...
...among the Tartars, and of course the "Revolt of our American Colonies." Smith writes: "The rulers of Great Britain have, for more than a century past, amused the people with the imagination that they possess a great empire on the west side of the Atlantic. This empire, however, has hitherto existed in imagination only...
Trying to hold on to power at any price, the DC portrayed the left as a united and anti-democratic front, with whom there could be no "historic compromise." Ironically, the result of their attitude seems to have been a hitherto-unseen unity among the PCI and the smaller parties of the left, from the workers movement, Lotta Continua, to the intellectual leftists of the Partito Radicale, and even including the Socialists, the habitual enemies...
...clients, as he puts it, "no poets, or ballet dancers or famous scientists-no Solzhenitsyns, Panovs, or Sakharovs"-i.e., personalities with the kind of repute that might ensure an international outcry and possibly have an effect on the Kremlin. Taylor only went public with this unique, and hitherto discreetly quiet, legal-aid effort after it became clear that the only response obtainable from Soviet legal authorities was either embarrassed obfuscation or pure stony silence. Still Taylor has some faint hope. Months after the project ended in 1975, one of the 19 defendants...