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Biggest of all big questions that scientists ask is: "How did the universe originate?" At last week's Pasadena meeting of the National Academy of Sciences, two Caltech professors, Astrophysicist Jesse L. Greenstein and Physicist William A. Fowler, took issue with the "big bang" theory of the birth of the universe. According to this theory, all the matter in the universe was once concentrated in a single dense mass consisting mostly of neutrons. Some of the neutrons disintegrated, forming protons and electrons. They joined with the protons and one another, forming heavier elements. The original nuclear reactions were complete...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Science: In the Beginning, H | 11/14/1955 | See Source »

...Stars. Drs. Greenstein and Fowler, backed by a group of British cosmologists, believe that the universe was formed gradually out of a cloud of plain hydrogen over billions of years. Old stars that condensed first from the cosmic cloud were made entirely of hydrogen; there was nothing else to be made of. As nuclear reactions took place inside them, they turned partly into helium by fusion processes similar to those that generate the energy of hydrogen bombs. They also cooked up middleweight elements such as carbon and oxygen...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Science: In the Beginning, H | 11/14/1955 | See Source »

...proof that this theory is not mere cosmos-dreaming, Dr. Greenstein told about a group of red giant stars that contain very heavy elements and are still producing them abundantly. Dr. Fowler traced in detail the stellar nuclear reactions that build heavy elements, step by step, out of the original hydrogen...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Science: In the Beginning, H | 11/14/1955 | See Source »

Young Sun. Since the earth is made mostly of middleweight and heavy elements, Dr. Greenstein believes that it and the sun (as well as the other planets) were formed fairly late in cosmic history, when the cosmic gas contained elements other than hydrogen. He thinks that the solar system may be something like a billion years younger than the universe...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Science: In the Beginning, H | 11/14/1955 | See Source »

Summary of concentrators comments on men in the Biochemistry Department: Edsall--good director, inspiring tutor. Henderson--superb lecturer on philosophy and method, but he does not cover his field. Detached, uninterested in students, unavailable. Greenstein--good lecturer and organizer, clear and understandable when lecturing in Chem 15, Junes--good scientist, fair tutor, not very interested in tutees. Ferry--superb tutor, available and inspiring, Ritchings good scientist, fair tutor Danielson and Forter fair scientists not enthusiastic tutors. Forbes, Keys and Morisou good tutors

Author: NO WRITER ATTRIBUTED | Title: Fields of Concentration | 5/21/1936 | See Source »

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