Word: genese
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Hofmann says that knowledge of this “sum total” is necessary to study of all the genes in an organism, called genomics.
“Interactions you wouldn’t dream of are being discovered,” says David Jeruzalmi, assistant professor of molecular and cellular biology. For example, it was recently discovered, he said, that ten genes interact to contribute to alcohol addiction.
One crucial piece of technology for understanding biological networks is the DNA microarray, invented in the early 1990s. The microarray allows scientists to determine, all at once, the relative levels at which genes are expressed in cells.
Before technology such as DNA microarrays enabled scientists to study many genes at once, experiments were much more tedious and less efficient, according to Garwin.
Drugs can have different effects on people who have slightly different genes. By finding out which forms of a gene a person has, the type and dosage of a drug can be chosen for maximum effectiveness.