Word: genderization
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HEALTH To judge an athlete's gender, a glance in the pants is best...
...Gender tests first appeared in 1966, in response to suspicions that muscular, medal-winning East bloc women were really men in disguise. Female athletes had to parade nude before a panel of gynecologists to be certified as women. By 1968, this demeaning practice was abandoned in favor of a more dignified and supposedly more scientific chromosome exam. But no one guessed that it would backfire against women like Patino...
...mistake," says Alison Carlson, a tennis coach and member of the I.A.A.F. committee that recommended the new test, "is in the simplistic idea we all learned in high school that chromosomes determine gender." While a Y chromosome ordinarily makes someone a man, explains Dr. Joe Leigh Simpson, a University of Tennessee gynecologist who was also on the I.A.A.F. committee, "about 1 in 20,000 people has genes that conflict with his or her apparent gender." In some cases, the Y chromosome is defective and fails to properly signal the body to produce masculinizing hormones -- or in the case...
Athletic budgets. Reading lists. Pronouns in textbooks. All sorts of things have changed since 1972, when Congress outlawed sex discrimination in federally aided schools. But so far, charges the American Association of University Women (A.A.U.W.), reforms have only tinkered with the gender gap. The organization issued a cry of alarm last week, citing "compelling evidence that girls are not receiving the same quality, or even quantity, of education as their brothers." That conclusion was contained in a report compiled by specialists at the Wellesley College Center for Research on Women that synthesized hundreds of studies of girl students from preschool...
...special pleading and, frankly, whining." Opportunities are opening up, she says, and girls should be urged to take advanced courses, not told that they are victims. Chester Finn, director of Vanderbilt University's Educational Excellence Network, thinks disparities simply show that students have different interests and abilities. He considers gender complaints a diversion from the overall weakness of U.S. education: "It stinks. It's dreadful." Ravitch adds that America is indeed biased, not against girls but "against academic achievement." If so, that is still one lesson that girls understand better than boys...