Word: garibaldi
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...GARIBALDI AND HIS ENEMIES, by Christopher Hibbert. Author Hibbert has clarified the vastly confused and equally grand career of Giuseppe Garibaldi, most romantic and most effective of those who waged the 19th century fight for Italian nationhood...
...GARIBALDI & HIS ENEMIES, by Christopher Hibbert. The vastly confused and equally grand career of Giuseppe Garibaldi, most romantic and most effective of those who waged the 19th century fight for Italian nationhood, is made crisply clear by British Historian Hibbert...
...indicative of the flaming patriotism that consumed the composer's early life and work. He was then 35 and had already written twelve operas, most of them bristling with propaganda. In Nabucco, for example, the "Va, pensiero" chorus was a call to arms that was later sung by Garibaldi's army. Italian opera audiences, quick to recognize the freedom slogans Verdi managed to slip past the Austrian censors, often erupted into flag-waving demonstrations. "Viva Verdi," scrawled on walls up and down the peninsula, became the rallying cry for revolt...
Italy was finally united in 1870 under the House of Savoy. The unity was perhaps inevitable, but without Garibaldi the Risorgimento would have lacked a popular hero. He was a good commander of men; Abraham Lincoln even offered him an army corps with the Union forces. (Garibaldi turned him down; he wanted supreme command and immediate abolition of slavery.) He was, however, too much of an innocent to be a good administrator. He was installed only briefly as "Dictator" of Sicily. Yet if the prophet-in-arms was a nuisance in his own country, he received great honor elsewhere...
When he retired to the granitic little island domain of Caprera, between Corsica and Sardinia (much of it paid for by English friends), Garibaldi dreamed of a Shelleyan end-to be burned, like the poet, on the beach. When he died in 1882, he was instead given the usual Christian burial on Caprera. Nature supplied the Garibaldian touch. A melodramatic storm came up, and the vast granite block that now covers his body cracked and broke...