Word: function
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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CERTAINLY members of the press do not constitute any elite class which should be granted special privileges before the Constitution. But the function of a free press, as outlined in the Constitution, demands that the privilege of confidentiality be bestowed upon the press and its functionaries, reporters. It is a right of profession: just as, in most states, a priest does not have to breach the contract of confession and a lawyer is protected in discussions with a client accused of a felony, so should a reporter be able to use the guarantee of confidentiality to flush out information which...
Shannon's paper outlined the basic problems involved in programming a computer to play chess, and his work has served as a guide for all subsequent efforts in this field. There are two essential components to a chess program: a "tree-generating" device, and an evaluation function. The tree-generating device determines all combinations of legal moves to a fixed depth. For example, it has been estimated that in any given position, there are approximately 35 legal moves available to the player whose turn it is to move. Thus, if a program were to do a tree-search...
...evaluation function then determines which positions are good, and which are bad, and finally decides upon an appropriate move. It is up to the programmer to decide upon the criteria for good and bad positions...
...Northwestern University, and last year's runner-up, from Carnegie-Mellon. The game was exciting, not only because both programs were undefeated, but also because it amounted to a clash between two different styles. The Northwestern program, named Chess 3.5, looked ahead 4 ply at most. However, its evaluation function was very sophisticated, and it assessed positions on the basis of material, pawn structure, control of the center, and safety of the king. The other program, Tech, could look ahead up to 13 ply. It was able to evaluate so many positions because the only criterion was material superiority...
...vaccine base is extremely sensitive to heat and fails to function if exposed to the high (98.6° F.) temperature of the lungs, the place where flu viruses settle to bring on illness. Otherwise a live virus could not be used. But it thrives in the slightly lower temperatures of the nose and throat where, according to its developers, it triggers the production of the crucial antibodies...