Word: formalizes
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...chain of accountability connecting these committee members to student desires is greatly attenuated. These committee members are said to speak for the student body because the students' representatives selected them. But if the nominations are conducted in secret, students at large exercise no formal influence over the selection. Secrecy prevents constituents from rewarding a wise choice of nominees or punishing a poor one; it encourages inertia rather than change and has no place in a representative system...
...kids' achievements. Much more fruitful are the connections parents make with their children at home, dissecting what happened in class that day or puzzling over an assignment together. And teachers can help spark those discussions. In a yearlong study, Epstein tracked 700 Baltimore middle schoolers from families with little formal education whose teachers imposed a new rule: the students were required to discuss their language-arts homework with a family member. Result: higher grades and more enthusiastic writers...
...weeks later, the same staff met with Doherty again in University Hall. There, Wells said, Doherty asked them if they were willing to express their concerns as formal written complaints that would require University investigation if Knowles saw fit to request them. All agreed, and Foster urged staff members to keep their concerns confidential...
...Because, according to FAS policy, chairs serve at the pleasure of the Dean, Knowles was not required to articulate any reasons for Phelan’s removal. As Taylor explained to Killip, he certainly didn’t have to launch a formal investigation or identify the anonymous sources of information to justify what she called an “administrative adjustment...
...they would never rise to the level of an abusive work environment,” Phelan said. “It’s an abusive work environment to the faculty. You have the dean removing the chair based on allegations that had not risen to the level of formal complaints...and can’t be rebutted. You have the people who complained sitting in their offices and you can’t ask them because that would be harassment. The faculty is miserable and feel very undermined and demoralized...