Word: filipinos
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...Filipino citizen is complex. He is an islander but not a seafarer. He is loyal, excitable, bright, fiercely jealous and brave. Eighty percent of him live in raised, thatched, nipa-palm huts. He rises each damp dawn to blow his breakfast fire to life and smoke a rolled "toosh-toosh" (homemade cigar). Every day he faces hours of weary plowing behind his lazy carabao (water buffalo). He beefs about the land still held by the Catholic Church, his taxes, the reformed constabulary, the Chinese who are his shopkeepers, and about his fortunes-which he often hocks for a sensational funeral...
Rizal was executed for his ardor in 1896-a Spanish act that fixed Rizal, and freedom, forever in the Filipino mind. The same year, Spain was chastising others of its colonists-the Cubans. In the U.S., Manifest Destiny, indignant over the spectacle of Spanish soldiers hunting defenseless, freedom-loving Cubans in the hills, glowered and tugged. In Congress and in the torch-lighted squares, war fever mounted...
...Flame. Benevolent paternalism became the watchword of a long and careful line of U.S. Governors General and High Commissioners. Roly-poly William Howard Taft began it, with a steady insistence that U.S. opportunists had no rights that abridged Filipino rights. Succeeding U.S. administrators, including W. Cameron Forbes, Leonard Wood, Henry L. Stimson, Dwight F. Davis and Justice Frank Murphy, made fair-mindedness and public works the U.S. trademark...
Roxas has a strong hold on the emotional Filipino. The vast majority of his countrymen thinks of him as a war hero, not as a collaborator (an opinion emphatically not shared by the acrid newspaper columns of ex-Interior Secretary Harold Ickes...
...Nightmare. When war came, Manuel Roxas joined the Army, where he caught General MacArthur's eye. The Japs discovered him early in 1942 when he was a Filipino war prisoner on Mindanao. They handled him gingerly: big plans were stirring. In November 1942, they flew him to his home in Manila, wooed him, and proposed that he take part in a puppet government...