Word: federalists
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James Madison, the architect of the constitution, always maintained that America was not a democracy but a republic. A democracy was government by the people (something many of the founders considered akin to mob rule), while a republic, Madison wrote in "Federalist No. 10," is "a government in which the scheme of representation takes place...
...real change candidate. "Each of the major things that I've done, I've done alone," Biden said, citing his list of achievements from authoring the Violence Against Women Act to convincing former President Bill Clinton to intervene in Bosnia. "No one supported my plan for exiting Iraq [a federalist plan which has become the model endorsed by congressional Democrats] and yet in all those instances, people came around. That's change...
...year was 1800 and the beleaguered candidate was Thomas Jefferson. Four years earlier, he had lost the presidency to John Adams in an election fraught with religious angst. Jacobin revolutionaries had taken over France, closed its churches and threatened to export their reign of terror. Supporters of Adams' Federalist Party linked Jefferson to the French secularists through his defense of revolutionary France and support for the separation of church and state. Adams, in contrast, they argued, was a man of God who opposed radical French ideas, and under his rule America had launched a naval war with France and mobilized...
...election of 1800 approached, a boldface notice appeared in leading Federalist newspapers. "At the present solemn and momentous epoch," it declared, "the only question to be asked by every American, laying his hand on his heart, is, 'Shall I continue in allegiance to GOD--AND A RELIGIOUS PRESIDENT; or impiously declare for JEFFERSON...
...dueling charges largely neutralized the religion issue, which was all Jefferson needed, given public concerns over other Federalist policies. Both political parties reached out to Christian voters. Federalists praised Adams' public support for religious institutions; their opponents trumpeted Jefferson's passion for religious liberty. Each side claimed its candidate was a Christian--or at least as good a Christian as the other guy. By all accounts, Evangelicals still voted overwhelmingly for Adams but not in sufficient numbers to overcome the popular surge for Jefferson's party, which captured the presidency and both houses of Congress. Adams later blamed his defeat...