Word: electronics
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...human proton-buster's problem: how to make a machine that approaches the power of a cosmic ray bullet. The most powerful machine in existence (General Electric's betatron) develops 100 million electron volts. Physicists now aim at one billion volts. The big news at Berkeley: they are getting warm...
...relativity effect has limited most cyclotrons to considerably less than 100 million electron volts. But last week California's Physicist Edwin M. McMillan reported that he had found a way to thwart relativity. His device: a frequency modulator (the same principle as in FM radio) which automatically adjusts the frequency of a cyclotron's kicks to the speed of its bullets. It will beef up California's new 184-inch cyclotron (to be completed by autumn) to 200-400 million electron volts...
...modern theory of wave mechanics, which holds that units of matter (e.g., electrons and protons) behave partly like particles, partly like waves, rests on a revolutionary electron experiment performed by Clinton J. Davisson and Lester H. Germer in 1927. Their experiment, done with crystals, was analogous to shooting a beam of electrons at a barrier punctured by two holes very close together...
...great surprise of classical physicists, the electrons, recorded on a screen after they went through the holes, made a wave "interference" pattern. The experiment proved that, somehow, each electron went through both holes at once. The discovery, a great blow to the notion that matter is indivisible, led to the theory that a particle can be broken up into fields of energy which alternately reinforce and cancel each other, exactly like waves...
...electrons are concentrated on a second screen, at the rear end of the tube, forming an "electron image." This-screen is covered with a substance which glows green when hit by electrons. So a visible copy of the invisible infra-red image appears on it. When the sniper looks at the glowing image through a proper lens system, he sees in visible light the target which his sniperscope is watching in infrared...