Word: eggs
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Finally, after a third failure, they tried a different approach: doctors retrieved a fresh batch of eggs, and this time they used assisted zona hatching, in which the egg's membrane, known as the zona pellucida, is chemically weakened so sperm can penetrate more easily. (Another way to do this is to drill a tiny hole in the egg; both methods are less tricky than full-fledged ICSI.) Their son, Eric Richard, was born in October...
Like most couples, the Bielickis and the Burskis didn't need the newest assisted-reproduction therapies. That's just as well: these procedures have not entered the mainstream of clinical practice. Some, including R.B.A.'s egg-freezing technique. may never do so. A second patient in the Atlanta clinic is pregnant thanks to a frozen egg; so, reportedly, are three women in Italy, and births have previously been reported in Australia, Germany and Italy. But the success rate is still very low--only two births in 23 tries in Atlanta, so far--and the technique is expensive. So R.B.A...
Another intriguing method involves harvesting not a woman's eggs but bits of her egg-bearing ovarian tissue. Like egg freezing, this procedure could preserve fertility for women who know they are about to lose their ovaries. It could be used on females who are far too young to produce mature eggs--girls who are undergoing radiation treatments, for example. In theory, the tissue could eventually be placed back in the body and lead to successful pregnancies. (This has been done in sheep but not yet in humans.) Men's sperm-generating testicular tissue could also be removed, and presumably...
...Grifo's eggs have not yet resulted in any births, but an upside-down version of the procedure has succeeded. At the St. Barnabas Medical Center in Livingston, N.J., Drs. Richard Scott and Jacques Cohen have been taking cytoplasm--the nonnuclear part of a cell--out of young women's eggs and injecting it into the eggs of older women. One egg with refurbished cyotoplasm has grown into babyhood; another birth is expected next spring...
...Egg freezing may actually ease one ethical dilemma. When clinics freeze test-tube embryos for later use, what happens if that use never takes place? If the parents divorce or die, who gets custody of the embryos? Courts have addressed both these thorny situations in specific cases, but no nationwide policy exists...