Word: drugging
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According to the latest U.N. World Drug Report, the production of illegal opiates from poppy plants reached record levels in 2006. Heroin, which accounts for 71% of opiate abuse, continues to be the main problem drug worldwide. While poppy cultivation has fallen sharply in Burma, Afghanistan now supplies 92% of the world's opiates. Top Opium Poppy Cultivators In hectares, 2006 Mexico 3,300 (2005) Columbia 1,000 Afghanistan 165,000 Pakistan 1,545 Burma 21,500 Laos 2,500 Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2007 THE USERS Opiate abusers, 2005 Asia 54% Europe 25% Americas 14% Africa 6% Oceania...
While AA is astonishingly effective for some people, it doesn't work for everyone; studies suggest it succeeds about 20% of the time, and other forms of treatment, including various types of behavioral therapy, do no better. The rate is much the same with drug addiction, which experts see as the same disorder triggered by a different chemical. "The sad part is that if you look at where addiction treatment was 10 years ago, it hasn't gotten much better," says Dr. Martin Paulus, a professor of psychiatry at the University of California at San Diego. "You have a better...
...Addictions," says Joseph Frascella, director of the division of clinical neuroscience at the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), "are repetitive behaviors in the face of negative consequences, the desire to continue something you know...
...system, powered largely by the neurotransmitter dopamine. Investigators are looking specifically at the family of dopamine receptors that populate nerve cells and bind to the compound. The hope is that if you can dampen the effect of the brain chemical that carries the pleasurable signal, you can loosen the drug's hold...
...particular group of dopamine receptors, for example, called D3, seems to multiply in the presence of cocaine, methamphetamine and nicotine, making it possible for more of the drug to enter and activate nerve cells. "Receptor density is thought to be an amplifier," says Frank Vocci, director of pharmacotherapies at NIDA. "[Chemically] blocking D3 interrupts an awful lot of the drugs' effects. It is probably the hottest target in modulating the reward system...