Word: detectors
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...last week the scientific equivalent of "thar she blows" echoed around the world. The news came from several hundred particle hunters working at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory near Chicago, who presented compelling evidence that not one but 12 top quarks had briefly surfaced inside a mammoth detector in their...
...heavy, only the most energetic collisions in the Tevatron are capable of producing the particle at all. In addition, this king of quarks has such an infinitesimal lifetime that its presence can be inferred only from the whispery contrails of other particles into which it promptly decays. Thus the detector designed by Fermilab's scientists consists of more than 100,000 components, each intended to track different types of particles. A superconducting magnet, for example, helps measure the energy of electrons % and muons. The less these charged particles are bent by the electromagnetic field, the more energetic they...
...Michigan physicist Myron Campbell, "and to find them, we have to process a haystack every second." During the last experimental run, for instance, a trillion collisions between protons and antiprotons occurred inside CDF's big particle trap. Yet of these, only 16 million were deemed promising enough by the detector's electronic gate-keepers to be worth more detailed analysis. Further winnowing occurred as banks of computers examined myriad measurements associated with each collision, flagging only the most interesting. Out of all this, a dozen candidates for the top emerged. "If collisions were dollars, it's like starting with...
...search for the top quark taught its hunters the true meaning of the word marathon. "This has been a part of my life for so long," says Harvard University physicist John Huth, "that there's a sense of exhaustion." The time scientists once spent working with the detector is now consumed by meetings, some 20 a week.When the CDF team comes together, it is so large it must convene in the Fermilab auditorium, and the result sometimes resembles pandemonium. The 152-page paper reporting evidence for the top quark was sent off to the Physical Review two weeks...
Fermilab's collider detector, a complicated machine over three sto- ries high and weighing more than 5,000 tons,recorded emissions of top quarks from thecollisions, Brandenburg. Huth and Franklin allhelped to design the detector...