Word: detector
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...rapidly growing new firm whose promising future could be severely compromised. In some ways, Shapiro has almost as much to lose as Colson. Thus the Colson defense tactics have been designed to ward off even the implication of involvement, using a carefully prepared battle plan including a lie-detector test to bolster Colson's claim of innocence, willing cooperation with investigators and leaks by Colson to the press...
...Indian tribal council from depriving an Indian of his constitutional rights. Ervin led a reform of the bail system, giving judges the power to release suspects too poor to pay bail but likely to appear for trial. He secured passage of a bill limiting the use of lie-detector tests in screening federal employees...
...polygraph supposedly identifies false answers by measuring involuntary changes in blood pressure, breathing and galvanic skin response, a process that involves sweating. The changes purportedly occur under the emotional stress of lying. But however sensitive it is, the machine is not infallible. Results of lie-detector tests normally are not admitted as evidence in court cases because they are not considered reliable enough. A coolly determined person can sometimes hoodwink the machine, as TIME Reporter-Researcher Eileen Shields did in a polygraph test at Dale System headquarters. By trying to remain calm and control her physical responses, she successfully convinced...
Guilty. Reliability aside, polygraph opponents argue that forcing employees to take lie-detector tests is unfair and degrading. Next month, the American Civil Liberties Union will publish a report contending that employee testing by polygraphy violates the constitutional principle that a citizen is presumed innocent until proven guilty and constitutes "an illegal search and seizure of the subject's thoughts, attitudes and beliefs." Says John Shattuck, a co-author of the report: "It is logically impossible to determine whether polygraph testing at a particular company is voluntary or a condition of employment, so all pre-employment use should...
Unions representing employees of some retail chains, including locals at E.J. Korvette and Grand Union, have won contract provisions severely limiting lie-detector tests. A few stores, like New York's Bonwit Teller, have abandoned tests on sales personnel because of worker opposition. And many executives, whether out of consideration for good employee relations or philosophical conviction, will have nothing to do with the machine...