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...comparison of Papanek's optimistic view of Pakistan (expressed in his 1967 book, Pakistan's Development) with the present-day genocidal reality raises important questions--specific questions about the role of the DAS is Pakistan and more general questions about the dominant ideology of development advising...
Perhaps expectedly, the primary villain in the tragedy is the American state. Under the guise of preventing 'Communist bloc' expansion, American imperialism uses military aid to prop up totalitarian regimes around the globe.... ...But there are lesser villains in the cast of characters, villains who were often unwitting. The DAS appears to fit into this latter characterization...
...represents a complete reversal of affairs to some observers of the Pakistani scene, for a few short years ago, Pakistan was being extolled as the prototype of a poor nation proceeding steadily along the road to development. According to Gustave F. Papanek, former director of the Development Advisory Service (DAS) of the Center for International Affairs (CFIA) and a participant in determining strategies for Pakistan's development, "the record (in Pakistan) so far is well worth examining for clues on how really poor countries can develop...
...licensing provisions have grown into large monopolies reaping windfall returns to capital of 50 on upwards to 100 per cent. Two-thirds of industrial profits are controlled by 20 to 30 families in West Pakistan. The developers created this class of "robber barons" (in the words of the DAS' Papanek) with the expectation that they would have a high rate of savings out of their surplus income that they would reinvest. This reinvestment would increase the capital stock, raise the GNP and trickle benefits down to the rest of the nation...
WHEN the 15 NATO Foreign Ministers assemble in Lisbon's walled Palácio das Necessidades this week, their meeting may prove as important as any since the alliance's present form was set in 1952-also in Lisbon. Only a few weeks ago, the Ministers seemed destined to cover routine and well-traveled ground. But suddenly, some long-standing barriers to East-West negotiations have been lowered, however slightly...