Word: czar
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...Local 802 officials were skeptical at first. But when, after several rehearsals, they heard the orchestra play, they decided that some of Local 802's share of the A.F.M.'s $4,500,000 in recording and transcription royalties should be used to help the old boys along. Czar James Caesar Petrillo himself dropped in, listened and rasped with approval: "That's what we want-culture." Local 802 agreed to pay the Old Timers the minimum scale: $9.00 for one rehearsal, $30 a performance. By August the musicians had polished their work enough to give their first free...
...months later, on Jan. 22, 1901, Victoria died in the arms of her grandson Kaiser Wilhelm, whose devotion to her was widely advertised and believed. Few knew then that the Kaiser had recently tried to incite Russia against Victoria's Empire. In a secret message to the Czar, the Kaiser said: "Russia alone could paralyze the power of England and deal it, if need be, a mortal blow." If the Czar would order his armies against India, the Kaiser would guarantee that no European nation rose to Britain's defense...
...Czar Ivan now betook himself ... to an open space in the suburbs [of Great Novgorod] and ordered his men to bring before him all the boyars, commercial magnates, and elders whom they had arrested, together with their wives and.'children; and here, before his eyes [they] were burnt with red-hot instruments of torture, and then . . . bound to horses and sleighs, dragged to the river . . . and thrown into the water. Women and children . . . were tied together and likewise thrown [in] . . . The streltsy (sharpshooters) followed the victims, borne by the current along the shore and down the middle...
...massacres perpetrated by tyrants in the name of "national unity." When Ivan the Terrible came to the throne in 1547, Russia was still a collection of semi-independent states; when he died 37 years later, in the midst of a quiet game of chess, the central authority of the Czar in Moscow was recognized even by those whose powers of recognition had been burnt from their eye-sockets with red-hot irons...
...from Churchill. Manstein's Junker ancestors had fought for two kaisers and one czar. Young Manstein was commissioned in the exclusive Potsdam Guards, finished World War I with the rank of captain. In World War II, he served brilliantly as chief of staff to Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt in the invasion of Poland; in the summer of 1940, by then in command of an army of his own, Manstein broke through the French line on the Somme. When Hitler launched his attack on Russia, it was Manstein who commanded the southern German army group, won a string...