Word: czar
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...Ivan the Terrible, but it must have been terrible for Ivan. He had back trouble, which made him just miserable every time he had to stand up or bend over. No wonder he felt like killing people. This fascinating historical tidbit came to light when the Russians removed Czar Ivan IV (1530-84) from his Kremlin tomb last year and turned the bones over to Anthropologist-Sculptor Mikhail Gerasimov, a specialist in reconstructing physical appearance from bone structure. Gerasimov got the backache idea from studying the skeleton, has now finished two busts of the 16th century ruler-one showing...
What ad campaigns will have to be scrubbed and what themes will be stressed depends on the man chosen to administrate the new code. Hopeful that they can satisfy critics with the kind of strong "czar" professional football has, cigarette companies will give their man broad powers. He cannot have any connection with the industry or own its stocks. Once chosen, he will have absolute veto over all advertising. Penalties for disobeying his veto will range...
...They got together a large crowd of soldiers, sailors and workers, whose fluttering red banners were lit up by searchlights. To full-throated cheers Lenin delivered a speech at the station, another in the street outside, a third from the balcony of Ksheshinskaya Palace, former home of the Czar's mistress and now Bolshevik headquarters...
...failed, Lenin told Trotsky: "Now they will shoot us. This is the best time for it." But the government dithered, and by the time it issued an order for his arrest he was hiding in a haystack. Three months later, a second coup succeeded when the Bolsheviks stormed the Czar's Winter Palace, then the seat of the provisional government, and forced Kerensky's ministers to resign at gunpoint...
Meanwhile elections had been held for the Constituent Assembly-the only democratic vote in Russian history-which clearly rejected the Bolsheviks in favor of the liberals. Lenin simply sent troops to disperse the assembly. Thereafter the "Little Robespierre," as Trotsky called him, launched his own Terror. The Czar and his family were executed, and Lenin systematically began the liquidation of the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie. Comrade Zinoviev cried triumphantly: "The capitalists killed separate individuals. But we kill whole classes." The Cheka (secret police) was organized. Sometimes, mistakes were made, but from Lenin's point of view they were just...