Word: crystallizes
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Nestles in spots of crystal haze, where...
...landscape designer named André Le Nôtre. A special workshop with Flemish artisans was set up nearby at Maincy to execute Le Brun's tapestry designs. The chateau's 105 rooms were furnished with armchairs of Chinese plush and Persian carpets, vermilion and silver vases, crystal chandeliers and gold clocks...
...followers to attend a temperance convention. The group traveled in open tube cars from Leicester to Loughborough and back for one shilling per head. Soon Cook began organizing group trips for a profit, and his company, Thomas Cook, Excursionist Agent, was firmly launched during Queen Victoria's Crystal Palace Exhibition in 1851. To this pioneering world's fair, Cook's brought 165,000 visitors...
Just two years later, Physicist Maiman used the Townes-Schawlow theory and built the world's first working laser, a small, hand-held instrument that shot out bursts of brilliant red light. Instead of a gas, Maiman's laser used a synthetic ruby crystal grown in a bath of molten aluminum oxide. In pure form, the aluminum oxide crystal is colorless and transparent. But a pinch of chromium added to the bath as an impurity gives the resulting crystals their characteristic ruby-red hue and supplies the chromium atoms (one for every 5,000 aluminum atoms) that cause...
Bizarre Scheme. Perutz studied molecular structure by analyzing X-ray photographs of crystallized hemoglobin. Scattered and deflected by the atoms within, the X-rays form a pattern of light and dark spots on a film behind the crystal. By patient mathematical analysis of thousands of variations of this pattern (each produced by a Perutz technique of substituting mercury "tag" atoms for different atoms within the hemoglobin molecule), the structure of the complex molecule was carefully pieced together...