Word: cracow
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Even so, Gorbachev again and again surmounted the mixed popular feelings with his friendly spontaneity and sheer star quality. He reminded many Poles of another crowd-pleasing occasional visitor, Pope John Paul II, except that the former Karol Cardinal Wojtyla of Cracow did not need to have his remarks translated into Polish. At many stops, copies of Gorbachev's book Restructuring and New Thinking were thrust into his face by fans seeking autographs. Gorbachev usually complied, though when a young fan at a wreath- laying ceremony in Warsaw passed his green neckerchief for a signature, the Soviet leader demurred...
Accompanied by Wife Raisa, Gorbachev boarded his Tu-154 jet for two carefully chosen side trips. The first was to Cracow, a seat of Polish kings beginning in the 10th century and symbol of the country's fiercely independent national identity. There Gorbachev offered a tacit gesture to the enduring power of the Roman Catholic Church, to which more than 90% of Poles belong. He and Raisa paid a 15-minute visit to the Church of St. Mary, touring its celebrated Gothic interior as guests of Auxiliary Bishop Jan Szkoden. The visit, said Bishop Szkoden, "seems to show...
...Catholic Church in others -- but always with the explicit warning that stronger measures might be used eventually. In the end, they were. Attacking in the dead of night, more than 2,000 riot police and elite commandos routed several hundred occupying strikers at the Nowa Huta steel mill near Cracow, reportedly injuring at least 40 of them. Meanwhile, police surrounded the more recently occupied Gdansk shipyard, isolating a strike force of about 1,000, which included Lech Walesa, legendary founder of the outlawed Solidarity independent trade union...
...movement that gave birth to the independent Solidarity labor union. In the northwestern city of Bydgoszcz, bus and tram drivers paralyzed the public transport system for twelve hours and won a 63% pay raise. Next day workers struck at the sprawling Lenin steel mill near the southern city of Cracow, while employees at a military-equipment plant in the southeastern city of Stalowa Wola reportedly won large wage demands after putting down their tools at week...
Next day more than 14,000 workers at the Lenin steelworks went on strike in the drab Cracow suburb of Nowa Huta. Besides seeking 50% pay hikes for themselves, they insisted that compensatory payments be doubled for millions of other Poles. The Nowa Huta strikers also called for reinstatement of four fired Solidarity activists...