Word: controller
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...every man or woman on earth who wants them. According to surveys by the United Nations and other organizations, fully half the 463 million married women in developing countries (excluding China) do not want more children. Yet many have little or no access to effective methods of birth control, such as the Pill and the intrauterine device (IUD). The World Bank estimates that making birth control readily available on a global basis would require that the $3 billion now spent annually on family-planning services be increased to $8 billion by the year 2000. The increase in funds could shave...
...most popular form of population control in developing countries is sterilization. Some 98 million women and 35 million men around the world have resorted to that permanent solution. The other current mainstay is abortion, which the Worldwatch Institute's Brown called "a reflection of unmet family- planning needs." An estimated 28 million abortions are performed in Third World nations annually, and an additional 26 million in industrial countries. About half are illegal...
...forms of birth control are desperately needed, and a few are slowly appearing. Last year a French pharmaceutical firm introduced RU 486, a drug that helps induce a relatively safe miscarriage when given to a woman in the early stages of pregnancy. Another recent arrival is Norplant, steroid-filled capsules that are embedded in a woman's arm and deliver contraceptive protection for five years. The implant is approved for use in twelve countries, including China, Thailand and Indonesia...
...entrenched values, religion presents perhaps the greatest obstacle to population control. Roman Catholics have fought against national family- planning efforts in Mexico, Kenya and the Philippines, while Muslim fundamentalists have done the same in Iran, Egypt and Pakistan. Still, religious objections need not entirely thwart population planning. Where such resistance is encountered, vigorous campaigns should be mounted to promote natural birth-control techniques, including the rhythm method and fertility delay through breast feeding...
...there is a single key to population control in developing countries, experts agree, it lies in improving the social status of women. Third World women often have relatively few political or legal rights, and not many receive schooling that prepares them for roles outside the home. Said Robert Berg, president of the International Development Conference: "Expanding educational and employment opportunities for women is necessary for permanently addressing the population issue...