Word: communism
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...this country would be like without a liberated, vigorous press drawing on the talents of close observers of enormous skill and perception. I have worked in nations where the press was not free—where it served as a mouthpiece of the state or special interests under Soviet communism, for instance, or a host of Middle Eastern and Asian dictatorships. Their nations, their people were far the worse for this lack of an unfettered press...
...treat merely as footnotes such events as Kristallnacht, the Holocaust and German guilt, while the more extreme deny their existence entirely. At various points in the past century, entirely reputable historians came down on all sides of the Vietnam War, the Armenian massacres by Turks, the humanity of Soviet communism and, today, American policies across the Middle East...
...such as Bulgaria and Poland could lose up to one quarter of their populations, according to the study. These losses are the result of "a combination of economic differences and relative freedom of movement," as well as reduced fertility, says Kroehnert. He noted that women in eastern Europe under communism were accustomed to working and continued to do so after the fall of the Berlin Wall. But with weakened social support networks for raising children, many began putting off child bearing until later years or gave it up altogether. The sharpest population decline in a single country in all Europe...
...needs a constant struggle," noted George Orwell in a weekly newspaper column in 1946. To help him keep focused, the author of Animal Farm and 1984 kept a diary in which he recorded everything from how many eggs his chickens laid to his political observations on the rise of communism in Europe. From Aug. 9, the Orwell Prize, an annual award for political writing set up by admirers and old friends, will make some of those diaries available online - but not all Orwell fans are happy about...
...time he was released in 1953, Solzhenitsyn's belief in communism was gone, but he had found a fervent Russian Orthodox faith and rediscovered his purpose as an author. At first he wrote for himself, but by 1962, when he was 42, the strain of remaining silent had grown unbearable, and the cultural climate had warmed enough that he was able to publish his novel One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, an account of an innocent man's experiences in a political prison camp, enduring brutal conditions without self-pity and taking solace from tiny pleasures, like...