Word: coding
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...some people's mind, the line was the office of sponsored research, and that was an absurd line," Martin says. He says that one code should apply to all work done by Harvard faculty members, whether done for the government...
...country is struggling with the legacy of those unsettling years. Experts in a broad spectrum of professions say America is currently in an ethical vacuum, searching for a new code to replace the tattered shreds of post-World War II moralism. Technological improvements have created a national culture, bound together by a communications network. But America has yet to find a new national ethic to keep pace with the development of this media culture...
Tennessee and Maryland already require video stores to display M.P.A.A. ratings, while New York, New Jersey and Massachusetts are considering similar laws. The M.P.A.A., however, strongly resists the creation of a separate R-V code. The association contends that it already considers a film's violence in its rating. The M.P.A.A. usually evaluates only those films that are released in theaters, not those that are made exclusively for videocassette. Nevertheless, producers of films shown in theaters can get around the system. If the M.P.A.A. decides that a film deserves an X, the producer can elect to release his film unrated...
...released Pale Kings and Princes. A reporter is shot to death and castrated in the process of doing an investigative report on a major cocaine plant in Wheaton, Mass. When Spenser tries to retrace the reporter's steps, he finds himself running into a brick wall--the town's code of silence...
...involving Subway Gunman Bernhard Goetz, demonstrates the legal value of blaming victims. Goetz offers self-defense as the reason why he shot four black youths who he suspected were preparing to rob him. His attorney has relentlessly highlighted the criminal intentions of the four. The American Bar Association's code of ethics, which requires that attorneys zealously defend their clients, forbids degrading courtroom accusations only if they are also irrelevant. Formal discipline by the bar for violations is apparently rare. In essence, the dividing line between zealousness and callousness is left to a lawyer's discretion -- and his sense that...