Word: code
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Prodded by pressures at home, 103 U.S. firms, including nearly all the biggest ones, have signed a code drawn up by Sullivan last year.* Six months ago, U.S. firms started an American Chamber of Commerce with the aim of accelerating anti-apartheid efforts. "Will it work?" muses the chamber's president, Clifford Lyddon. "In the long run, I guess so, but the blacks are reluctant to take advantage of opportunities because they have grown up in an environment that says shut up and stay in your place." And while their ability to change that environment is necessarily limited...
...findings, Ford deserves top marks for doing away with the most noxious symbols of apartheid. The company regularly consults nonwhite employees on plant problems and even recognizes black unions; though such unions are not specifically prohibited, black organizing is effectively blocked by South Africa's labor code, which excludes unionized blacks from officially recognized wage negotiations and denies them the right to strike...
...company only wanted to help the employees: "There are 114 ways a black can be relieved of his money and GM is not going to be one of them." GM's Detroit headquarters has since moved to push its South African subsidiary more into line with the Sullivan Code. Two weeks ago, it announced that it would spend about $4.5 million to integrate some segregated facilities (including lavatories and locker rooms) and set up programs to prepare more nonwhites for supervisory jobs...
Quebec Iron and Titanium Corp., which is owned by Kennecott Copper and Gulf & Western, has persuaded its four South African partners to adopt the Sullivan Code in their new mining venture in Zululand. Boasts Q.I.T. President Pierce McCreary: "We have been a very positive force in South Africa...
...stay in South Africa but to use its influence more effectively to bring about change. Despite pronouncements about being committed to ending apartheid, too many U.S. companies engage merely in tokenism. For example, in none of the 60 plants visited by McWhirter was a copy of the Sullivan Code easily available to nonwhite employees. Many local managers have moved too shyly and slowly to remove the most reprehensible barriers of apartheid and to advance nonwhites. But home offices could order their subsidiaries to act more forcefully. That is precisely the solution advocated by Sullivan, who feels it is too soon...