Word: coal
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Brilliant sunshine gave way to rain later in the day when the Pope reached Katowice, a steel-producing city in the Upper Silesian coal-mining region. The heavy downpour did little to dampen the spirit of the crowd of 1.2 million that was waiting for John Paul under a forest of umbrellas in a vacant airfield outside the city. When the Silesians spotted the Pope stepping from the papal helicopter, they let loose with a boisterous chorus of Sto Lat (May You Live a Hundred Years), all but drowning out a brass band of black-suited miners...
...Solidarity. Thus it was no surprise that John Paul waited until he had gone to Poland's industrial heartland to deliver his strongest sermon on the rights of workers. Standing under the Madonna of Piekary, an image of the Virgin Mary much revered by the region's coal miners, John Paul told his predominantly proletarian audience that work is "at the heart of all social life" and is governed "by a just moral order." He added: "If this order is missing, injustice takes the place of justice, and love is replaced by hatred...
...outspoken Pontiff put the Jaruzelski government through some anxious hours during his first days in Poland, more trouble lies ahead this week. On Monday the Pope visits Poznan and Katowice, an industrial city where steelworkers and coal miners put up stiff resistance to martial law. Then John Paul moves on to Wroclaw, scene of some of the most violent clashes between Solidarity demonstrators and riot police. His trip will end with a sentimental return to his home town of Cracow...
...economy are hardly unique. All industrial nations are struggling with the onrush of technology and the painful transition from the past to the future. Western Europe is having a particularly difficult time moving toward the New Economy. In most European countries, many heavy industries like steel and coal mining are nationalized. Political pressure has made it difficult for governments to shrink these industries and move workers into new fields. In addition, European workers are much less willing than Americans to pick up and move to a new location. European governments have also made it very expensive to close down...
...many people in America have heard of, let alone seen, the work of Ottone Rosai (1895-1957), a Florentine painter whose roly-poly figures were part of a conservative reaction against Italian futurism in the 1920s? Chia has, and his rotund bodies-thighs like boiled ham, buttocks like bumps, coal-heaver arms-are straight out of Rosai, though bigger and endowed with a crustier decorative surface...