Word: civilizer
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Dates: during 1970-1970
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...alarmingly to 25% for Negro teenagers. The nationwide jobless rate is 4,2%, but it is 7% for blacks. The anti-discrimination laws have certainly been circumvented in the job area. As long ago as 1941, President Roosevelt signed an executive order forbidding discrimination by defense contractors; the 1964 Civil Rights Act forbade discrimination in most jobs. Yet, despite frequent violations, no supplier has ever lost a Government contract as a result of barring blacks. Help-wanted ads usually carry the legend AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER, but company personnel managers often do as they see fit, and many blacks call...
...A.F.L.-C.I.O. has responded with "Apprenticeship Outreach." A program that the union federation runs in cooperation with the Labor Department and several civil rights groups, Outreach offers special pre-apprenticeship training to ghetto youngsters. They are tutored for six to twelve weeks, mainly in math and reading comprehension, in preparation for apprenticeship exams. The program has been less than a great success, partly because blacks find it difficult to believe that after decades of discrimination they are now welcome in the blue collar areas. Since it began in 1967, Outreach has placed only 5,633 blacks, 56% of them...
Sometimes blacks are hired simply for their statistical value in winning Government contract awards. An entirely white company, for instance, might come under criticism from civil rights groups and then find it difficult to get new federal contracts. A recruiter for one large textile firm, interviewing business students at Atlanta University, confided, "We want a token nigger...
Part of the rage must come from the fact that, for over two hundred years of slavery, the black man was usually forbidden to write, publish or even learn to read. Despite this prohibition, there were still about 100 Negro poets of varying significance before the Civil War, many of whom managed to publish their poems in church manuscripts or under white patronage. The best known was the Revolutionary poet Phillis Wheatley (who coined the phrase "first in peace" to describe George Washington and wrote heroic couplets in the style of Alexander Pope...
After the Civil War came a new wave of Negro poets that included Paul Laurence Dunbar, who wrote in the Negro folk dialect of the rural South as well as standard English. The 1920s produced the movement known as the Harlem Renaissance, when Negro poetry began to turn from the classic Eng lish lyric verse of Countee Cullen to the rhythmic, blues-style poetry of Langston Hughes. Later, came Pulitzer Prize-winning Gwendolyn Brooks, Jazz Poet Ted Joans and Margaret Walker, whom some call the mother of the black poets of the '60s. These new poets began to look...