Word: celle
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...stations and ranch houses wiping out the last remnants of physical nature. Mary McCarthy was no longer giving a Hum 2 lecture, and the little ladies from the Adult Education League looked a little flustered. Then it came. Physical nature is being eradicated by man, so that only the cell, the final, (once) indestructible unit of life remains...
Influenza viruses were found to have horns or spikes. On some of these is an enzyme that can dissolve part of a cell's outer coating. Presumably, this is what the flu virus uses to open a hole in the cell-factory wall for its nucleic-acid core to slip through. A virus known as T2 bacteriophage (it attacks bacteria) was found to have a tadpole shape; the "tail" is like a coiled spring around a tiny hypodermic needle that stabs the cell wall, and through this the nucleic-acid core is injected. Micrographs show whether viruses are basically...
...Enders pondered while he puttered with cowpox virus in tissue cultures of chick embryo cells. Through an ordinary binocular microscope, he could see that the cells were damaged and began to fall apart as the virus multiplied. Others had seen this phenomenon; to the thoughtful Dr. Enders its significance eventually became clear and astonishingly simple: the nature and amount of cell damage were indexes to the nature and amount of viral activity. "It seems incredibly obvious now," he says...
Culture in Human Embryo. Then came a lucky break. The lab happened to have some poliovirus tucked away. This had hitherto refused to grow except in brain cells, which are unsafe as a culture for a human vaccine because nerve-cell proteins can kill the vaccinated person. Enders suggested growing it in cultures of muscle and skin from human embryos recovered in therapeutic abortions. It worked. Watching the cell-damage effect, the Harvard researchers could see that the virus was multiplying. The virus could still cause paralytic polio. But when serum from a recent polio patient was mixed with...
...that in some unpredictable cases, a molecule of viral nucleic acid, without its protein overcoat, so closely resembles a gene that it can slip into the cell's chromosomal lineup, displacing a normal gene, and make the cell reproduce abnormally. Most of the resulting abnormal cells would probably die, but a few might retain the power to run wild and perpetuate themselves as cancer...