Word: brush
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...France, have not changed. They fear the reduction in conventional armaments and troops, and they recoil at Britian's recent cut in her NATO ground forces and conversion to nuclear weapons. These countries, especially Germany, foresee a war of nuclear goliaths. They also fear that in the event of "brush wars" fought in Western Europe with conventional arms, they will be at the mercy of the overwhelming Soviet ground forces. Furthermore, they fear that by committing Western defense to nuclear weapons, the West will be compelled to take the initiative in using such forces, thereby precipitating a suicidal holocaust...
...great lover of nature. Homesick for mountains, he one day ordered two of his painters to reproduce the scenery of the Kialing Valley. Artist Wu Tao-tzu went out to lie under the trees, listen to the murmuring streams. Then, having identified himself with the scene, he took his brush, dashed off One Hundred Miles of the Kialing River Valley in a single day. Artist Li Ssu-hsun, who was also a general in the Emperor's army, labored for long months to depict the same scene. Presented to the Emperor, both paintings were judged "excellent in the extreme...
...would become soiled. His painting pointed to a new direction. Originating a pointillist style of ink-splash dots (still known as "Mi-dots"), he produced in paintings like Auspicious Pines in the Spring Mountains China's first impressionist landscape. Its curious sugarloaf mountains are drawn in loosely applied brush strokes and washes, trees are carefully controlled blobs of ink. The human scale is merely suggested with the bare-bones outline of a lone pavilion...
...along with an absorption in technique for its own sake, art came perilously close to feeding upon itself. The famed three-volume painting primer called The Mustard Seed Garden Manual of Painting, compiled between 1679 and 1701 in a small Nanking house (called the Mustard Seed Garden), broke down brush strokes into 16 different categories. Beginning painters were expected to be proficient in each of them, ranging from "hemp fibers" and "ax cuts" to "horses' teeth" and "sesame seeds." But such variety, when carried out by artists with genius at their brush tips, produced some of the most sophisticated...
...could not refrain from adding feet." Perhaps in reply Ch'iu Ying painted his Intellectual Conversation in the Shade of T'ung Trees, which measures nine feet tall. Done in a freer, bolder style, it is a resounding answer to his critics and a masterpiece of brush technique. ¶ Shen Chou, who inherited the Literary Man's Painting tradition, played the role of rustic philosopher, ignoring the ceremonial elegance of court life. Near the center of the new wen-jen hua movement which he founded, Painter Shen Chou retired to his garden pavilion. He depicted his ideal...