Word: bowels
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...pylorus and join what was left of the stomach to the duodenum (see top diagram). After this "subtotal gastrectomy," or "Billroth I," came a still more daring invention, "hemigastrectomy," or "Billroth II": cutting out about half of the stomach and hitching up what was left to the small bowel, leaving the duodenum dead-ended and dangling (second diagram...
...conditioning before they switched to the liquid diet on Labor Day. Some of Diet No. 9's advantages for space flight are already apparent. The men have lost weight, but the loss seems to have been all fat; their muscle tone is still good. They have a bowel movement only every five or six days. Their mental alertness seems to have improved. Their morale is so good that several of them are talking expectantly about a proposed two-year experiment, with volunteers cramped into a dummy space capsule...
...such major surgery Dr. Buchwald has chosen only patients who already had severe heart-artery disease and extremely high levels of blood cholesterol. On the operating table, he locates the ileocecal valve, where the small bowel joins the large, takes a tape measure and starts measuring upward. He measures off 6 ft., or about one-third of the bowel's average total length of 15 to 20 ft. At this point, he sews the bowel tube shut, then makes a cut just above it. He takes the free end of the upper small bowel, pulls it down...
...blood will help to protect him against heart attacks, they are willing to try almost anything to find out. At Los Angeles, Dr. Henry Buchwald, 31, of the University of Minnesota's famed pioneering department of surgery, told the Heart Association that an operation on the small bowel may be the most effective way to lower the blood's content of cholesterol permanently...
...underlying the operation depends on a set of strange biochemical facts. Whether or not a man eats foods that contain cholesterol, his body manufactures the stuff every day. Much of it passes into the bloodstream through the filtering system in the wall of the lower third of the small bowel. Dr. Buchwald's idea was to cut this part of the small gut out of the digestive circuit, leaving much of the cholesterol no place to go except through the large bowel, to be excreted...