Word: bootstrap
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Ferré charged him with developing "one-man rule in the manner of a Latin American political boss." Even P.D.P. workers seemed to agree that Muñ0z, after long service and such distinguished accomplishments as gaining commonwealth status and strengthening the island economy with his much-publicized Operation Bootstrap, had finally become a liability. Said one: "The future of the P.D.P. rests in what we do with Muñ0z. If in 1972 he has the same power he enjoys now, we're washed up." Since Muñoz can be expected to hang on to whatever power...
...Smith is a black militant who still digs Stokely Carmichael but has discarded revolution as impractical. "There are greater forces than violence and confrontation," he says. Smith's chosen instrument was Operation Bootstrap (see BUSINESS), a black-owned, black-managed self-help corporation that now runs two African-style dress shops, one in a white suburb, plus a clothing factory, a gas station, a printing company, and a school for pride, black culture and job training. 1 Smith, the greatest source for pride is that Bootstrap was born and now lives without handouts from a Government agency. Says...
Soul Food and Shirts. In Watts and other mostly Negro areas of Los Angeles, "Operation Bootstrap," sponsored by private and corporate donations, operates a dozen storefront schools, giving instruction in such courses as computer programming, Swahili, and microwelding. "We consider everything that goes on here a school," says Co-Founder Lou Smith. Aimed primarily at preparing dropouts for available jobs rather than college, the program helps pay its own way by mining the talents of the students, who have published books on Afro-American history and designed African-style shirts and dresses that were featured at a fashion show...
Pindling has also more than doubled government spending on education ($10.6 million this year) and has commissioned a long-range economic plan by Puerto Rican Consultant Teodoro Moscoso, the guiding hand behind Puerto Rico's "Operation Bootstrap" and a key organizer of the Alliance for Progress. Another Pindling achievement was ordering salaries for legislative and Cabinet members, thus eliminating the old system of fat "consultant's fees"-really payoffs and bribes-that flourished among the United Bahamian Party's government officials (TIME, Sept...
Self-Help. In scores of cities, Negro self-help projects are under way. "Operation Bootstrap" in Watts, launched with a $1,000 loan and Negro-run, has placed 175 graduates in skilled jobs in the past six months. In Indianapolis, Schoolteacher Mattie Rice Coney organized 500 block clubs to clean up the ghetto, figures that her group has swept up 42,000 tons of trash in the last year. "Slums are made by people," she says, "not by plaster or bricks. Civic rebuilding begins with people who care about themselves...