Word: bones
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Yuen, a biology concentrator, is primarily interested in osteoporosis and bone remodeling and growth. She plans on becoming a physician...
Scientists have identified a new class of genes -- to be called hedgehogs by convention -- that control a master switch in DNA molecules that tells cells whether they are to become skin, bone or muscle. The new genes are being named for hedgehog species, such as Indian and moonrat. One of them is even called Sonic, after the hedgehog hero of a popular video game...
...cured. The altered blood cells died out after several months, and the patients had to return to the hospital periodically to repeat the procedure. To achieve a full cure, gene therapists would have to get to the source of the problem: the long-lasting stem cells that reside in bone marrow * and produce all the white blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream...
...that's precisely what Blaese did -- only a week before the triumphant press conference last May. Going back to one of the original Ohio girls, he inserted healthy ADA genes into stem cells he had coaxed out of her bone marrow. He then inserted the altered cells into the bloodstream, hoping they would find their way back to the marrow. The same experiment has since been repeated several times on infants, whose stem cells are even more abundant and easier to reach. The children seem to be thriving, but no results have been published...
Apparently, cells sense the concentration of Sonic hedgehog and then decide what type of cells they should be--for example muscle, bone, or skin cells--and thus determine the ultimate shape of the embryo...