Word: bolshevik
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...Russian avant-garde to the heyday of Socialist Realism in the 1930s and 1940s. One reason it became so effective was that, especially in the early years, it was artist-driven. There was oversight and censorship by apparatchiks, of course, but it was the artists - impassioned by the Bolshevik Revolution, holding high office themselves, and exploring the new techniques of photography, film and high-speed presses - who conjured up the images. The show begins with early esoteric work like Kliment Redko's 1924 Uprising, a black and flaming red square-within-a-square symbolizing the cosmic force of the Bolshevik...
...recovered, so 10:30 was not so late for the old revolutionary to rise. He had some coffee, but it did not take, and he went back to bed. By evening Lenin was running a high fever, as Oxford historian Robert Service recounts in Lenin: A Biography. Lenin's Bolshevik buddy Nikolai Bukharin was there at the end: "When I ran into Ilich's room, full of doctors and stacked with medicines, Ilich let out a last sigh ... Ilich, Ilich was no more...
...Church, various human rights organizations and members of Russia’s parliament. Dzerzhinsky, you see, was to Soviet mass violence what Goering and Heinrich Himmler were to the Nazi Holocaust. After the “October Revolution” of 1917, he founded the Cheka—the Bolshevik secret police force that produced, in the words of Russian historian Orlando Figes, a “machinery of terror” during the nation’s civil war (1917-1921). Figes has estimated that the Cheka killed “certainly several hundred thousand, if one includes...
...20th century is often said to have begun on Aug. 1, 1914, with the opening attacks of what became the Long War--a war that eventually encompassed the First and Second World Wars, the Bolshevik Revolution, the Spanish Civil War, the wars in Korea and Vietnam, and the cold war. When the Long War finally ended, with the reunification of Germany and the fall of communism in the Soviet Union, we thought we would have peace because we had resolved the question that bound all these wars into one: What form of the nation-state--fascist, communist or parliamentarian--would...
...nature is the primary attraction beyond Yuzhno. Just a few hours' hike up the dirt road from town brings the adventurous to the Bolshevik Mountains visible from Gagarin Park. There, hip-high wildflowers in full bloom come close to overpowering visitors with their intoxicating scents, a welcome change from the dusty streets of Yuzhno. For those who would rather hunt wildlife than simply admire it, Sakhalin has large brown bear and Manchurian deer populations. Autumn is the main hunting season, and permits for firearms are available through Intourist. It also arranges a five-day fishing trip on the Chamga River...