Word: bolshevik
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...posture of American foreign policymakers toward the new Soviet state was a further indication that Lenin was viewed as an advocate of popular rule. The Bolsheviks, wrote Secretary of State Robert Lansing in December 1917, "are wanting in international virtue," They sought "to make the ignorant and incapable mass of humanity dominant in the earth." They appealed to "a class which does not have property but hopes to obtain a share by process of government rather than by individual enterprise," Remarking that the Bolshevik philosophy of government "may well appeal to the average man, who will not perceive the fundamental...
...this unmistakable "threat" which prompted President Wilson in 1918 to contribute thousands of American troops to a 14-power invasion of Siberia. This invasion, which was undertaken to aid the remnants of Tsar Nicolas' army and other anti-Bolshevik forces who were attempting to topple the new Soviet government, precipitated a civil war which was to last three years and claim 12 million Russian lives. Wilson's own decision to enter the civil war at a time when American troops were already committed to stopping a massive German offensive on the Western front, was dramatic proof of American determination...
...view, the Communist Party was to serve as a vehicle of popular expression, not an elite vanguard that was to remain small and independent of society ??ge. Before the overthrow of tsarism in Russia, the party was indeed small and circumscribed, but its phenomenal growth after the establishment of Bolshevik rule suggests that it sought to incorporate within itself differing political and intellectual tendencies, rather than to submerge and eliminate them...
...within the context of a decimated, impoverished, and continually besieged Soviet nation that one must consider the atrocities of Stalinist rule. As one who was faced with resurrecting and maintaining the initial gains of the Bolshevik victory, Stalin faced a set of alternatives any of which would have resulted in widespread suffering and death, by famine if not by police terror and violence. His forced collectivization and his persecution of the kulaks must have been prompted at least in part by the fact that the wholesale refusal of the peasants to sell their already scant grain reserves to the state...
Died. Marshal Semyon K. Timoshenko, 75, one of the architects of the German defeat on the Eastern front in World War II; of cancer; in Moscow. The son of a landless peasant Timoshenko deserted the Czarist Army 1917 to join the Bolshevik Revolution and became one of Soviet Communism's staunchest soldiers. A favorite of Stalin, he rose to the rank of Marshal at the age of 45, won a reputation for tenacity and rigorous discipline if not for tactical brilliance He was called in to bolster the sagging Russian invasion of Finland in 1939 and led five armies...