Word: bantustan
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...ceremony will not go unnoticed--far from it. The Transkei is the first homeland, or bantustan, to receive independence from South Africa's white-dominated government and can be viewed as an example of the best apartheid has to offer South African blacks. The only one of nine homelands to request or receive self-rule, the Transkei is South Africa's response to international pressure to change a political system that allows some four million whites to have near-total control over a nation of nearly 25 million...
...GOVERNMENT that will take over the reigns of state in the Transkei is no more promising than the new nation's economic situation. Chief Kaiser Matanzima of the Transkei National Independence Party was appointed to his post as head of the bantustan government in 1963, when the bantustan was created for members of the Xhosa ethnic group (other Xhosas were resettled in the Ciskei bantustan, a contradiction of the apartheid dogma that claims bantustans are a way for ethnic groups to regain their traditional identity...
Vorster is no liberal. He has been known to order police to investigate people who ask him embarrassing questions at public meetings. He supports apartheid out of deep Afrikaner conviction, even though he has eased some of its more humiliating aspects. But he has also rammed ahead with the Bantustan program of geographical separation by which South Africa will be broken up into racial enclaves. Blacks will be pushed into ten cramped tribal areas, which may eventually become sovereign states; whites will retain control of the richer farm lands, mining lands and urban areas, in which South African blacks will...
Apartheid is based on the Bantustan and migrant labor system, and the color bar. The government declares that only 13 per cent of the land (the "Bantustans" or "homelands") is African, though three-quarters of the 24 million population is black. Africans may be citizens only of these areas, which are poor and eroded and contain neither towns nor mineral resources. This poverty forces them to find work in the "white areas." But as non-citizens in these areas they have no rights. They may not, in most cases, bring their families; they must stay in segregated "townships...
...BANTUSTAN SYSTEM is maintained by the pass laws, which give the government full control over the movement of the African laborers. Africans who cause too much trouble outside the homeland can simply be "endorsed" out of white areas, and they have no choice but to obey. Vorster told Bantustan chiefs who objected last year to the pass laws that "principle" of the pass law is not negotiable, for they are the most effective method the government has to keep African unrest sub-dued. About 600,000 blacks are now prosecuted annually under the pass laws, receiving ten days...