Word: atomization
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Money. In 1940 Washington split Business' money-power atom, taking the power but leaving business free to make money. In 1941 Business made plenty of money (even, to its surprise, after taxes). But for the individual businessman the money, thanks to the personal income tax, began to lose its value...
This tool has been in the hands of science only a short time. Only in 1934 did Irene Curie* and her husband, Frédéric Joliot, first make ordinary elements such as iron and iodine radioactive so that they give off sub-atomic particles and gamma rays just as radium does. The invention of the cyclotron, Ernest Orlando Lawrence's great atom-smashing machine in California, simplified the manufacture of such elements so that they are now commonplace in physical laboratories. And in Copenhagen in 1935 O. Chiewitz and G. Hevesy first used such artificial radioactive elements...
...Scientists do not try to visualize the atom; its mechanics are too complex, too alien to the familiar things of life. Laymen can visualize it after a fashion by imagining a heavy nucleus composed of protons and neutrons clumped together sur rounded by a sort of throbbing mist of electrons...
...Research to the annual meeting of the Society in Philadelphia. It was a picture of the virus which causes the mosaic disease of tobacco plants, one of the largest molecules known to chemists. It is a rod-shaped structure, about 40,000,000 times the size of the hydrogen atom (basic unit of atomic and molecular weight). But even at this size it could be photographed only with the recently developed electron microscope (TIME, Oct. 28), which by using electron beams instead of light can magnify images 50 times greater than the best light microscopes...
...living, submicroscopic organisms. In 1935 Stanley showed that a pure strain of virus could be crystallized-consisted of lifeless molecules with the curious, lifelike power of reproducing themselves. This discovery closed the mysterious gap between living and inert matter, indicated no essential distinction except relative complexity of structure between atom, molecule, virus, cell and multicellular organism such...